Biodiversity Conservation

Biodiversity

The biodiversity is a derives from two words bio (Life) and Diversity (Varieties). The simple terms by diversity is the number and varieties of organisms flora and fauna found within the specific geography region. Its refers to the various of animals, micro-organisms and varieties of plants and the genes they contain and the ecosystems. It related to the variability among flora and fauna on the earth, including the variability within and between the species and that within and between the ecosystem. Biodiversity is our living wealth. It is a result of hundreds of millions of years of evolution in the earth history.

The biodiversity can be discussed at the three levels

1. Genetic diversity

2. species diversity

3. Ecosystem diversity

Conservation of Biodiversity

The convention of biodiversity at the Earth Summit held at the Rio de janerio Brazil in June 1992 the word conservation strategy has suggested the following steps for biodiversity conservation.

1. Efforts should be made to protect, preserve and propagate the species that are endangered.

2. Preservation of extinction flora and fauna requires proper planning and management.

3. Varieties of food crops, timbers tree, livestock animals, forage plants and their wild relatives should be preserved .

4. Each country should identify flora and fauna and habitats of wild relatives and ensure their protection.

5. Habitats where species feed, rest and breed, nurses their young should be protected and safeguarded.

6. International trade in wild plants and animals be regulated and to provide should be safeguard for animal and plants.

7. To preserve, protect and propagate the variety of species (flora and fauna) within the natural boundaries.

Modes of Biodiversity Conservation

A. Ex-situ Conservation

The ex-situ conserving the biodiversity outside the area where they naturally occur is known as ex situ conservation.

Here are animal or reared on plants are cultivated like Zoological Parks or botanical gardens. Reintroduction of an flora and fauna into the habitat from where it has become extinct is another form of ex-situ conservation.

Ex-situ Conservation Example

1. Botanical garden

2. Seed bank

3. Horticultural garden

4. Recreational garden

5. Artificial park

6. Zoological Park

7. Wildlife safari Park

8. Cryopreservation

9. Tissue culture method

10. In-vitro fertilization

11. Gene bank